If subject must use an assistive device for an item, score that item one category lower. The purpose of this study was to determine the testretest. The items in the berg balance scale calculator can be found as well in the below area with instructions on how to perform each task. Intrarater testretest reliability among older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities october 2007 physical therapy 879. The pediatric balance scale pbs, a modification of berg s balance scale, was developed as a balance measure for schoolage children with mild to moderate motor impairments. Famous physical therapists bob schrupp and brad heineck provide an interpretation of the results of the berg balance scale berg balance test. Number of test items o the bbs consists of 14 functional balance items that focus on the ability to maintain a position and perform postural adjustments to complete functional movements. To reduce their risk of falling, you might consider referring them to physical therapy for gait and balance exercises, or refer them to an evidencebased fall prevention program, such as tai chi. Suggested applications were comparing balance between groups of people, describing balance in an individual, monitoring status over time, and evaluating treatment effectiveness. The berg balance scale bbs was developed in 1989 to provide clinicians with a standardized measurement tool to assess balance in elderly individuals. The berg balance scale is designed to provide a functional measure of balance performance. The berg balance scale is used to objectively determine a patients ability or inability to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks. Patients were assessed with the berg balance scale at 14, 30 and 90 days post stroke by an occupational therapist.
The wberg balance scale consists of 14 items, each corresponding to a balance related task. The berg balance scale is used to objectively determine a patients ability or. Overview o the bbs is a widelyused, clinicianrated scale used to assess sitting and standing, static and dynamic balance. Updated with references for the sci population by phyllis palma, pt, dpt, christopher newman, pt. The bbs includes 14 items that are common in everyday life. Physiotherapy research and older people prop group, stokes ek. The 4stage balance test an older adult who cannot hold the tandem stand for at least 10 seconds is at increased risk of falling. Pdf the accuracy of individual berg balance scale items. At the beginning of the test, the assessor should explain the tasks to be given and make sure the subject understands that the main aim is to maintain balance throughout the tasks.
The berg balance scale bbs was developed by katherine berg in 1989 to measure balance ability static and dynamic among older adults. Berg balance scale sitting to standing instructions. Comparison of the berg balance scale and the minibestest for. The berg balance scale bbs is a 14item objective measure that assesses static balance and fall risk in adults. Intrarater test retest reliability among older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities october 2007 physical therapy 879.
The berg balance scale 5 is a 14item test to evaluate functional balance. Katherine berg developed this test to assess the level of function and balance in various patient populations. Use of the berg balance scale for predicting multiple falls. Total balance score 16 total gait score 12 total test score 28 interpretation. Usefulness of the berg balance scale to predict falls in the. No assistive devices are permitted during the testing. Stretch out your fingers and reach forward as far as you can. The wberg balance scale consists of 14 items, each corresponding to a balancerelated task. The berg is a validated balance assessment which has been shown to be a reliable predictor of fall risk. The berg balance scale bbs is a 56point scale that evaluates 14 tasks. The purpose of this study was to determine the testretest and interrater reliability of the pbs.
Berg k, maki b, williams ji, holliday p, wooddauphinee s. I take exception, however, to the authors suggestion that the balance scale was designed to identify fallers and nonfallers. Apr 01, 2008 the berg balance scale bbs was developed as a clinical measure of functional balance specifically in older people. Thorbahn ld, newton ra 1996 use of the berg balance test to predict falls in. It is a 14 item list with each item consisting of a fivepoint ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating the lowest level of function and 4 the highest level of function and takes approximately 20 minutes to complete. A comparison of clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in an elderly population. Berg balance scale an overview sciencedirect topics.
Test retest reliability and minimal detectable change on balance and ambulation tests, the 36 item short form health survey, and the unified parkinson disease rating scale in people with parkinsonism. The sensitivity and specificity levels of the four clinical measures in their application as screening tests for referral to physical therapy were as follows. To determine testretest reliability, 20 children aged five to 15. It is a proven and standardized protocol that is commonly used as a screening instrument in balance assessment in both clinical and research settings. Number of test items o the bbs consists of 14 functional balance. Abstractmini balance evaluation systems test minibestest is a newly developed functional scale which combines clinical. Measures of adult general performance tests the berg balance scale, dynamic gait index dgi, gait velocity, physical performance test ppt, timed chair stand test, timed up and go, and tinetti performanceoriented mobility assessment poma karen w. Each item is scored on an ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4 0 unable, 4 normal with a total score ranging from 0 to 56 points. Spinal cord advance online publication, 22 september 2009. Ruler, 2 standard chairs one with arm rests, one without footstool or step, stopwatch or wristwatch, 15 ft walkway. Try not to use your hand for support able to stand without using hands and stabilize independently able to stand independently using hands able to stand using hands after several tries needs minimal aid to stand or stabilize needs moderate or maximal assist to stand.
Highest possible score 56 score of berg k, wooddauphinee s, williams ji, maki, b 1992. Standardized tests and measures for balance berg balance scale. Johnson berg balance scale general description purpose. Chairs used during testing should be a reasonable height. Comparison of the berg balance scale and the minibestest. The bbs is a 14 item scale that challenges individuals balance in a variety of functional positions. The berg balance scale has been evaluated in several reliability studies. Usefulness of the berg balance scale to predict falls in.
For functional balance tests, the bbs is generally considered to be the gold standard. The berg balance scale bbs has been widely used to assess dynamic and static balance in older adults. Ub and lb exercises with resistance quadriceps, bicepstriceps, hip abductorsadductors. Interpretation of individual test item results on the berg balance scale bbs item possible impairment recommended exercise 1. Specifically, the cutoff score that is most predictive of falls in. If subject requires physical assistance to perform an item score the lowest category 0 for that item. Examiner places a ruler at the end of fingertips when arm is at 90 degrees. The purpose of this study was to determine the test retest and interrater reliability of the pbs. It assesses static and dynamic components of sitting and standing activities in multiple planes. The berg balance scale or bbs is a widely used clinical test of a persons static and dynamic balance abilities, named after katherine berg, one of the developers. Berg balance scale with instructions sitting to standing instructions. The minimum detectable change of the berg balance scale in elderly people. Standing balance assessment in asia d paraplegic and tetraplegic participants.
How to interpret the berg balance scale test youtube. May 29, 2015 the berg balance scale bbs has been widely used to assess dynamic and static balance in older adults. Highest possible score 56 score of with instructions sitting to standing instructions. The pediatric balance scale was designed to require minimal use of specialized equipment. The following is a complete list of items required for administration of this tool. Chairs used during testing should be of reasonable height. Berg balance scale bbs spinal cord injury research. The 14 item scale includes static and dynamic activities with various degrees of difficulty and different mobility requirements. Sep 30, 2014 famous physical therapists bob schrupp and brad heineck provide an interpretation of the results of the berg balance scale berg balance test. Patients were assessed with the berg balance scale at 14, 30 and 90 days post stroke by an occupational therapist the score of the short form was determined by. Relationships among the y balance test, berg balance scale. How to fix forward head posture 3 easy exercises from a chiropractor. The examination that will be used in the nhanes balance component is called the romberg test of standing balance on firm and compliant support surfaces.
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